Statistics Glossary
Browse 13 statistics terms defined in plain English, from the cultural dictionary of computing.
13 Statistics Terms
- A/B testing
- A controlled experiment where two variants (A and B) of a webpage, feature, or algorithm are shown to randomly split user groups to determine which performs...
- Conformal Prediction
- A framework for producing prediction sets or intervals with statistical coverage guarantees under stated assumptions. It influences how models are trained,...
- correlation
- A statistical measure (typically Pearson's r, ranging from -1 to +1) that quantifies the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two...
- CRAN
- The Comprehensive R Archive Network, a repository of over 20,000 packages for the R programming language. CRAN enforces strict submission policies including...
- Cross-Validation
- A model evaluation technique that partitions data into complementary subsets, training on some folds and validating on others, then rotating. K-fold...
- Differential Privacy
- A mathematical framework that provides provable privacy guarantees by adding calibrated noise to query results or model training. Ensures that the output of an...
- Gaussian Mixture Model
- A probabilistic model that represents data as a weighted combination of several Gaussian components. It influences how models are trained, evaluated, or...
- ggplot
- A data visualization package for R based on Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics, allowing users to build complex, layered plots by composing aesthetic...
- p-value
- The probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed data, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A small p-value (typically below 0.05)...
- R
- A programming language and environment specifically designed for statistical computing and data visualization. R's comprehensive package ecosystem (CRAN) and...
- regression
- A family of statistical and machine learning techniques used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables,...
- Regression to the Mean
- The statistical tendency for unusually extreme results to move closer to average over time rather than persist indefinitely. In startup metrics and hiring,...
- Sample
- A subset of data selected from a larger population for analysis, or a single discrete measurement taken from a continuous signal at a specific point in time....
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